CHILDREN

Filed under Kids

September 27

CHILD DEVELOPMENT (DEVELOPMENT) AND THEIR PERIODS

CHA-RAK-TE-RIS-TI-KA

Pediatrics is a medical science field, the object - a growing human organism (from birth to 18 years).

Intense growth and development - a child's body to accurately characterize the processes at the same time naming the characteristics which distinguish it apart from adults.

Growth of the child is constantly changing. For each of the age period characterized by certain peculiarities. It is therefore impossible to compare with a newborn baby, who has reached the age of 1 month and so on. What child is younger, the faster it grows, the faster increase in body size. Only full knowledge of the child's developmental stages, suggesting that when the (development) process is running smoothly and when not to, in time to note the various pathological changes occurring in the children.

With these periods of age:

Intrauterine period or prenatal (before birth)

1) during embryonic development (embryo) phase.

A) placental development (fetus or Fetal) phase.

Embryogenesis begins 3-week after conception (first 2 weeks - weak stimulating) and ends on the third month of pregnancy (intrauteris period).

At this stage begins the most important organ rudiments. During this period, any violation may result in fetal (embryonic), death (abortion) or a variety of birth defects (congenital organs or parts of the body the formation of defects). Embryo is very sensitive to viruses: rubella, influenza, hepatitis, polio and CMV.

Pharmacies Drug embryopathy: sulphonamides, antibiotics (especially tetracycline group), hormones (corticosteroids, insulin), cytostatics, vitamins, and quinine.

Diabetic encephalopathy: 12% - intestinal atrophy, heart defects, limb development of pathology, skull and brain formation disorder, anencephaly.

Fetopatijos: structures formed in the fetus or the individual tissue damage. Often occurs in rhesus conflict, diabetes, fetal infections during (chicken pox, herpes, viral hepatitis, congenital syphilis, toxoplasmosis). Cases of such infections is appropriate fetal disorders: encephalomyelitis, myositis, necrosis, congenital hepatitis, moving to cerozę, neonatal pneumonia. Fibroblastozė, mukoviscidozė, kalcinozė, Adrenogenital congenital syndrome, cerebral palsy children (VCP), muscle hypertrophy pilorinės - The result - prematurity, miscarriage, neonatal health problems or mortality.

Neonatal period

This stage lasts from the moment of birth to 1 month.

From baby's first inspiration to begin:

1) lungs (they are leveling off, wrinkles disappear);

2) changes in the circulatory system (the small circle of blood circulation);

3) changing the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract;

4) a self-thermoregulation.

Neonatal period - the period during which the child adjusts to new life. During this period, and the possible transition of certain pathological reactions, physiological jaundice physiological weight loss, transient hyperthermia, physiological erythema, and so on.

Neonatal period may become apparent, and fetal malformations (birth defects, heart failure), as well - the consequences of birth trauma: intracranial injury, clavicle fracture, intrauterine upper limb paralysis, spinal cord injury.

Neonatal period, occurring disorders:

Bambutės wounds infection (omfalitas);

Skin disorders: pyoderma, impetigo infant, neonatal cellulitis, purulent mastitis, septicemia, jaundice, pneumonia (lung atelectasis - associated with collapsed, aspiration pneumonia).

Congenital musculoskeletal system deformation:

1) congenital hip dislocation;

2) congenital šleivapėdystė;

3) torticollis.

Chromosomal disorders:

1) Down's disease;

2) Šereševskio-Turner syndrome.

Disease genes:

1) phenylketonuria.

Characteristics of the newborn

Data	The birth of a	1-year-old
Weight	From 2500 to 5000 (average 3400 g)	Is increasing three-fold
Height	About 50 cm	+ 25 cm
Head circumference	32 to 33 cm	+ 10 cm
Chest Size	30 to 31 cm	+ 15 cm

The child's body proportions are very different from adults. Head of one quarter of the whole body (adult - 1 / 8 share). Skull head is higher than the facial. Wedge fontanelle (between the forehead and occipital part) - open cleft. Legs short, the body over a long. Thorax short, barrel-shaped, passive. Middle of the body above justifies bambutės (adult - at great hip crest).

Leather - soft, fragile, slightly pabrinkusi, with a dense network of blood vessels.

Muscle tissue - weakly developed. Muscle mass represents 23% of total body weight (average adult, about 43%. Characteristic flexural limb muscles hipertonusas for this reason justifies babies into proper posture: her hands pressed against the body and elbows bent, hands in fists sugniaužtos, so that justifies the thumb above all other finger, leg, how many praskėstos, and bent at the knees and hip joints.

The nervous system. The large hemispheres cortex is not functioning (rest period). Involuntary movements of the newborn, chaotic jerky. Very bright unconditional reflexes: sucking, swallowing, shopping, throat, and so on. Newborn is awake only for a very short time, he usually sleeps (20 to 22 hours. Daily).

All children's bodies and their systems have certain characteristics, but we will look at only those should be aware of your body - the skin, muscles and nervous system.

Breast-feeding time-consuming, pollution-pis

From 1 month to 1 year.

Characterized by high growth and increasing body weight, vi. Weight gain may be even three times. Height increases to 25 cm. Never more baby does not grow as fast. But most importantly, for the first year of life begin to develop his motor, but also - the nervous system and mental health. From reflex, independent movements of the baby's skin to the primary motor of development results - an independent walking. Underrate the importance of this period is impossible. Negimstama people, they are becoming. Baby born at the time of his nervous system, in comparison with other organ systems, the least mature and sufficiently small. Here and the whole human being as an individual, a unique value and meaningfulness. Nervous system is formed slowly and there is a need for other (adult) human influence. Animals are born much more mature and much more adapted to their habitat conditions. The lower stage of development of the animal, the better adapted his offspring are born.

But, nevertheless, can only influence the development of these systems, which is still in its formative stages, when the brain is already fully formed, to replace what is missing is no longer possible. Example: children - abandoned, Mauglis.

Lack of tactile, visual or acoustic stimuli, slow down baby's nervous-psychological response (complete isolation from the audible or visual stimuli, they grow up deaf and blind). Neonatal brain weight is relatively large - 1 / 8 of body weight, and adult - 1 / 40 of its body weight. During the first six months of his life in the child's brain weight increases by 85% (it is important that during the early closing fontanelle). 7 years old brain completely ceases to grow.

Neonatal cerebral sulcus and not very sharp bends. Grey lining of the brain are not fully isolated from the white. Although the baby has the same number of nerve cells in large hemispheres and how a grown man, but they are still immature and are formed differently.

This period of illness and disease:

I. Digestive tract diseases:

1) dyspepsia (normal, toxic);

2) chronic eating disorder (hypotrophy).

II. respiratory diseases:

1) Pneumonia URVI (acute respiratory viral infection);

2) acute laryngitis (croup).

III. Diathesis:

1) exudative-catarrhal;

2) 2) lymphatic hipoplastinis;

3) 3) neuro-arthritic.

IV. Rickets (spazmofilija).

V. Infectious Diseases:

1) whooping cough;

2) 2), chicken pox;

3) diphtheria.

VI. Nervous system disorders:

1) encephalopathy;

2) VCP;

3) intrauterine paralysis.

VII. Locomotor movement (motor) systems (AMS) disorders:

1) torticollis;

2) šleivapėdystė;

3) hip dysplasia.

Early pre-am-contains certain risks

1 to 4 years.

Describes the child's subsequent growth and development (but as far as reduced growth in energy). Dominated by the central nervous system. Acquainted with the environment. The formation of motor skills (the child learn to run, jump). Evolving language. In fact, the 2-4 year-old child's age - this is the first critical period of his mental formation. During this period, especially important pedagogical correction. The balance of the child's neuro-mental development, it is necessary to constantly explain to him, read a lot, tell.

This age period the children are very curious and asking a lot, and adult responsibility - the interest suppress. This is called "kodėlčiukų 'age. And to all the children's questions must be answered, you can not just get rid of him, by saying flatly "alone and". Child is necessary to have experience.

This period of the disease:

I. Gastro-intestinal disorders:

II. URVI and other infectious diseases: measles, chicken pox, scarlet fever, pneumonia, obstructive bronchitis, croup.

III. Poisoning by drugs.

IV. Nervous system disorders: VCP.

V. Restraint - a movement disorders: šleivapadystė, torticollis, dysplasia.

VI. Foreign entry into the nose, ears, lungs, stomach or intestines.

Pre-am, contains certain risks

From 4 to 7 years.

First The predominant role of the body's functions and the child's nervous-mental activity.

The second Muscle grows, grows, Bone skeletal structures.

The third Begins with baby teeth loss.

Especially prevalent 6-8 years - is the second critical and very important period of the child's age. It is also the same time period dėkingiausias child training (language, music, some kinds of sports). At this stage it is necessary to get the children interested in science, sometimes forced to do so, to develop a responsible attitude and attention to learning, to educate at home with chores, etc. If this moment is missed, the child will be trained in diligence, self-regulation, treatment, and that its further education can be very difficult. A child's education is the most important age groups.

This period of illness:

I. Infections: chickenpox, infectious hepatitis, scarlet fever, rubella (because increasing contact with the environment and children).

II. Injury (lack of experience, lack of adult control).

III. Nervous system disorders (enuresis).

Junior school, contains certain risks pm

The period of adolescence, from 7 to 12 years.

First Continue to develop muscle tissue, support - a movement system (although this period growth is slowed).

The second Teeth finally replaced by the permanent.

The third Continue to shape the character and developing intelligence.

Diseases of this century:

I. Injuries (the i-th place from 25 to 45% of cases of cranial trauma).

II. Heart disease (rheumatic fever, chorea).

III. Nervous system disorders (neuroses, enuresis).

IV. Scoliosis. Osteochondropatijos.

Senior school, contains certain risks pm

Puberty is the period from 12 to 18 years.

First Ends with the child's physical and mental development.

The second The rapid formation of the endocrine system. A change in the child's appearance. A secondary sexual characteristics (activates the sex glands, the pineal gland, pituitary gland activity).

The third It is time for another "pasistiebimo 'up, especially noticeable" ištįsta "legs. Also held the skull and facial growth. Angulation occurs. There are no movements of grace.

The fourth Emotions inherent instability, frequent changes not only mood but also the well-being. Try different ways to express his own self.

The children of this age is always a lot of problems.

Diseases characterized this period:

I. Endocrine disorders (endocrinopathies).

II. Vegetative vascular dystonia. Neurosis.

III. Scoliosis. Osteochondropatijos.

MASSAGE AND GYMNASTICS PE-DIAT-RI-HIS, HE

During the first year of life it is very important for the development of massage and physical exercises. They are required to:

First Normal child development (not only physical but also mental).

The second Helps to develop children's resilience to external factors.

The third Harden the body.

Baby's first day of treatment his life has a certain objective characteristics: the child is sleeping a lot of muscle and limb restraint hipertonuso swaddling his movements limited, kvėpuojamieji (as well as abdominal) muscles are weak. All of this inevitably requires a child's daily routine preventive supplement (hygienic), massage and gymnastics ...

No Comments

You Must Be logged in to post a comment.