• Obesity

  Filed under metabolic disorder diseases
  Nov 7

  Accumulation of fat in the body, increased (compared to healthy individuals) levels, known as obesity.

  Obesity includes all cases in which the accumulation of excess fat is not what justifies a consequence of the disease, but the main (primary), pathologic factors, even in the absence of a single body (or bodies) disorders. Sometimes, at the same time to have the fat accumulation, subcutaneous fat develops in cellular as well as painful and diffuse derivatives - nodal adipose tissue tumors (lipomas) - that gets lipomatosis of Sorrows, the so-called Derkumo disease.

  Etiology and pathogenesis

  One of the reasons for the onset of obesity - overeating. Etiological, eating too much driving factors are the following:

  • poor eating habits in the family;
  • The (activities) for the change which had taken place, the energy
  consumed less food but still consume the same;
  • Mental injury;
  • Long-term fasting.

  In addition to these factors are also in the body and neurohormonal mechanisms of changes in the structures that regulate the amount of calories, and their output, supports the accumulation of fat (at the same time - and the body weight) the physiological norm.

  Guinness Book of Records to the data, the body weight of human medicine is registered in the U.S.. It - John Minokas. In 1978, stopped breathing and his heart operation, the man was quickly transported to the hospital. Being 1.85 m tall, he weighed over 636 kg.

  The most difficult person today - as well as U.S. resident Albert Jackson. His body weight - 404 kg, breast size - 3,05 m Waist - 2.94 m, hips - 1.78 m in the neck - 75 inches.

  Perhaps the most important implications of obesity appear to separate the brain hypothalamic centers. Experimental animals, which exposed the inner abdominal midbrain nucleus, with a higher voracity, and so their bodies are developing obesity. These hypothalamic nuclei are called "satiety centers". Ensure the stimulation of lateral midbrain nuclei in the vicinity of the inner abdominal core, also promoted the need for food. The latter (lateral) nuclei are called "appetite centers. Thus, side and internal abdominal midbrain nuclei functionally interrelated.

  Known as well as other causes of obesity - after encephalitis or brain tumors, ie, in pathologies in which the violation of the intermediate areas of the brain. Obesity clearly has implications for the emergence and functional changes in cerebral cortex. There is evidence that the appetite-regulating centers of functional status is determined by glucose uptake, which is estimated glucose arteriovenous difference: this difference increases, decreases appetite, but he declined - increases.

  Recognizes the following degrees of obesity:

  • Grade I - body weight (compared to normal) increased by 29%
  and more;
  • Grade II - the body weight exceeds the normal 30 to 49%;
  • Grade III - 50 to 99%;
  • Grade IV - the body weight of 100% or more higher than the
  normal operation.

  Clinical description of

  Patients are characterized by I or II obesity, mostly able-bodied and have no other complaints, make hard jobs that require high physical and mental stress. Only some of them complain of fatigue or faster - say, suffer from general weakness.

  In case of III or IV, obesity, patients more often complain of suffocation passed, as well as any other physical exertion. Most of the complaints about specific diseases, provoked by obesity (coronary artery atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.)..

  These patients have skin color is usually normal, intact, only occasionally face is characterized by hyperemia, or vice versa - his pallor. Often abundant and sweat on the skin iššutimai. On the thighs, the buttocks and abdomen, obesity progresses, there is a white Druze (striae). On average, obese girls on the surface of the skin on his shoulders, on the basis of the mammary gland, as well as the hips, thighs and abdomen revealed large areas of pink stripes. These Druze eventually turn white, although the skin and subcutaneous cellular atrophy is not yet.

  All obese patients with subcutaneous adipose-specific cellular high-fat accumulation, in the early stages - the trunk, breasts, shoulders, thighs and face parts. Progression of obesity, justifies accumulating excess fat stronger forearms and legs.

  More obese individuals appear in the skin folds, especially severe cases of obesity loose skin layers resulting from the subcutaneous cellular tissue side of the abdomen is the thickness of the (worse) to bent knees. Also
  cutis laxa, and looks back skin. Obese people suddenly dropped the weight, the lack of elasticity of the skin from wrinkling becomes loose "folds". These folds are no longer such a thick subcutaneous layer.

  Treatment

  The most appropriate method of treatment of obesity - calorie-restricted diet allocation, reducing sugars and fats, but fully supplying the body with proteins, vitamins and salts.

  If the weight nekrenta, is dedicated to the diet strictly distributed food rations that careful control of their calories. Recommended diet for the duration as well as the general body massage.

  Patients are characterized by an increased feeling of hunger and therefore do not go for a diet to be assigned to the appetite-reducing agents that act occurred in hypothalamic centers.

  If you do not nutukusiajam heart - cardiovascular pathologies, depending on the patient's age and degree of obesity, it is given a more muscular strain.
  Therapeutic physical training (gymnastics), stimulating tissue metabolism and acid formation processes may also be applied to cases of obesity.

  In addition to the already described anti-obesity approaches currently very popular and different treatment methods:

  • Special, digest fat medication (tablets)
  consumption;
  • Cosmetic procedures, allocated to the pen of fat
  layer reduction (cold and hot body wrap, "sauna"
  treatments, thalassotherapy, lymphatic drainage);
  • Surgical fat removal methods (although, sometimes, unfortunately,
  potential and unforeseen difficulties in the realization of these methods);
  • Coding of obesity;
  • Various cosmetic preparations (seaweed extract, cream, or
  gel) in conjunction with a massage.

  Massage is: total body tone support, activation of oxidation processes, gas exchange and lung tissues, stimulation of the lymph and blood circulation improvement in cardiac facilitation of stagnation phenomena in the body, while also pressing gutting.

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